Istg compaht



E. H. PIERSEN.

DIFFERENTIAL ESCAPEMENT.

1 APPLICATION FIRED OCT- 2, 1919. 1,359,465.

Patented Nov. 16, 1920.

3 SHEETSSHEET I.

A TTORNE'Y E. H. PIERSEN. DIFFERENTIAL ESCAPEMENT. APPLICATION FILED ocr. 2, 1919.

Patented Nov. 16, 1920.

3 SHEETSfSHEET 2.

(m mrm Q [N VENTOR y fdw/b/i 7 /29/564, I W 1 A TTORNEIY l:'. H. PIERSEN.

DIFFERENTIAL ESCAPEMENT.

APPLICATION man OCT. 2. 1919;

1,359,465, I Patented Nov. 16,1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET [NVEN 7012 B y Hme/z;

'A TTORNE i EDWIN H. PIERSEN, 0F TOZPEEIA, KAN$AS, ASSIGNOR TO THE PIERSEN MAN IEZTG COMPANY, Q35 'iGFEKA, KANSAS, .41 GORPOMTIQH @Lh' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, EDWIN H. Pinnsnn, a citizen of the United States, residing-at Topeka, in the county of Shawnee and State of Kansas, Box 413, Topeka, Kansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Differential Escape-ments; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to a mechanism for perforating sheets, tapes or ribbons. nerically, the invention contemplates the provision of means for feeding a tape which is to be perforated in predetermined, variable group arrangements, and for controlling the intermittent advance of the tape or sheet acted upon to maintain uniform space relation between the several character groups of apertures.

The invention also contemplates a transmission capable of transmitting power from a driving part to a driven part in varying increments of movement.

The invention is particularly adapted for use in connection with a perforator for telegraphic tape, whereby sets of apertures corresponding to dots and dashes of a code are punched in a paper tape to form a record, which may be run to cause actuation of a circuit making and breaking device so as to effect transmission of electrical impulses which are capable of being translated into characters of a code to indicate a message, as shown and described in my Letters-Patent No. 1,289,900, of Dec. 31, 1918, for telegraph-transmitter, of which this is a division, filed after grant of the patent.

As some telegraph codes are made up of different arrangements of dots and dashes, the respective characters vary in length and as it is desirable to maintain standard spaces between characters, it is essential that the' record tape be advanced different distances Specification of Letters ."Eatent.

EEZGAPIEMENT.

Patented ov. t6, lief-t0.

1919. herial No. 328,949.

for characters of various lengths in order to avoid interference of the characters and maintain uniform spacing. To this end the mechanism is so arranged that the tape will always travel a uniform distance for a space plus the increment determined by the length of the character.

For a better understanding of the invention and particularly in relation to telegraph transmitters of the type above mentioned, reference may be had to my co-pending application, Serial No. 313,705, and to facilitate the reference thereto, I have applied like reference numerals to parts herein corresponding to like parts in the copending application.

in the drawings:

Figure l is a perspective view of an es capement embodying my invention, illustrating its use in connection with a perforator of the type forming the subject matter of my co-pending application, Serial No. 328,050, filed concurrently herewith. 3

Fig. H is a similar view, particularly illustrating the escapement shift.

Fig. III is an elevation of the escapement, showing the parts in inactive position.

Fig. IV is a similar View, showing the perforator in operative position and the escapement released.

Fig. V is an elevation of a gear train for operating the tape advancing rollers corresponding to the gear train in my co-pending application, Serial No. 313,705.

Fig. VI is a detail perspective view of the universal escapement pawl.

Fig. VII is a similar view of the pawl shifting bracket.

Referring more in detail to the drawings:

1 designates a frame containing operative parts of the mechanism and which preferably comprises a base 2, sides 3 and 4 and feet cushions 5 to avoid vibration, it being understood that the cover of the machine is herein omitted for better illustration.

The base 2 comprisesa slotted rib 9, provided with a pin or rod 9', upon which the digitally. operated means shown as key levers 14, that seat in the slots of the rib, are

pivoted. The rear ends of the key levers are guided in slots 10 of a similar rib 11 on the base 2. The front ends of the key levers are upturned and provided with buttons 1%, each bearing the designation of a character represented by its key lever. Each key lever is provided, atthe rear of its mounting, with a spring 15 which yieldingly When, however, the key button is struck, the rear.

retains the lever in normal position.

portion of the lever will be raised to impress its character upon the record tape, the impress preferably being effected by punching the tape, as will presently be described, and as claimed in my application filed concurrently herewith.

On the upper edge of the rear portion of each lever is a tape impressing section c'omprising a die 17, consisting of teeth of such length and arrangement as to correspond with the dots and dashes of a code character, the longer teeth representing dashes and the shorter teeth dots, and the spacing between the teeth corresponding to the standard spacing between dots andv dashes of the character.

There may be as many digitally operated key levers in the machine as there are characters in the code, each lever having its individual character die, the die portions of all of the levers being arranged in transverse alinement to cooperate with a die plate 19 i that is supported in the frame and extended transversely over the die portions of the key levers.

The plate 19 contains apertures 20 corresponding in character and alinement to the die portions 17 of the levers, the plate being so arranged that when the levers are inactive, suificient space is left between the upper edges of the lever dies and the lower surface of the plate to accommodate a tape 22 that serves as a record member when punch'edby the die parts, The tape, when punched, may pass in operative relation to a circuit making and breaking device (not shown), which may be of the type illustrated in my co-pending application, to effect transmission of the code character impulses in the order in which they occur in dicia in thetape occur in order of their application thereto in longitudinal succession and at spaced intervals. The standard spacing in telegraph operation consists of one unit of space for a dot, two units for a dash,

one unit for a space and three units between characters. It is essential, therefore, that this spacing be maintained in mechanical sending-and receiving. The spacing of the dots and dashes of each character is effected by arrangement of the die teeth on the key levers but the spacing between characters must be effected by mechanical operation and it is for this purpose that T have provided the differential feed mechanism included in this application.

In general, this differential feed mechanism comprises a single driving element whereby the tape is forwarded following the operation of any key lever. Means, individual to each key lever, is provided for limiting the advance of the tape a distance proportionate to the length of the character represented by that particular key lever. For example, should the key lever for the letter ll be operated, the tape forwarding mechanism is released to advance the tape until stopped by the controlling device for the T lever. The character I, which conspaces to correspond with the dash dot dash dot of the character and the three space inter-val between characters.

The preferred form of the tape advancing and differential feed mechanism comprises rollers 29 and 30, between which the tape is run, after passing beneath the die plate 19. The roller 30 turns on a fixed axis journaled in the side members 3 and 4 of the frame, and the roller 29 in sliding boxes 28 in the sides of the frame. The boxes work in slots 27 in the frame sides and are normally ten-- sioned downwardly by springs 31, hearing against-the tops of the boxes and the upper edges of the slotted parts. In this way the movable roller is tensioned toward the fixed roller to afford frictional grip on the tape whereby the latter may be advanced when either of the rollers is rotated.

Fixed on the axis of the roller 30 is a gear wheel 98, driven through a train 99, 93, 84 and83, from a springmotor 78, which may be wound by hand or otherwise when necessary.

The shaft 45 which carries the train gear 99 extends transversely through the frame, parallel with and adjacent to the die plate 19 and fixed to said shaft is a ratchet wheel 46. Rotatable on the shaft 45 is a sleeve 47 and fixed to said sleeve adjacent the ratchet wheel 46 is a bell crank lever 49. Fixed to the oppositeend of the sleeve is an arm 48 and carried by the arm 48 and the parallel member 50 of the lever 49 is a universal rod 51 which lies back of a series of differential levers or latches 52 presently described.

The lever 49 carries at its rear end a pin 59' which projects along the edge of the ratchet wheel 46 and carries a pawl 59, hav-. ing a tooth yieldingly urged toward the wheel by a spring connected therewith and with the lever 49. The end of the pawl opposite the tooth carries a roller 61, which bears against the concave face of an arcshaped bracket 62 on a bar 63 that lies alongside of the ratchet wheel. The bar 63 contains an oval shaped aperture 64 in which is located a boss 65 that projects inwardly from the frame side member 3 and serves as a mounting for the bar. Bearing against the outer end of the boss 65 and the forward end of the slot 64 is an expansion spring 66 which normally, yieldingly urges the bar rearwardly in the machine to permit the spring 60 to retain the pawl 59 in' holdmg engagement with the ratchet wheel and thereby lock the same against further action by the spring motor. The forward end' of the bar63 has an eye 67 with whichis connected a link 68 that-extends forwardly and is connected with the upstanding arm 69 of" a lever 7 0 that is mounted on the pin e' in the same manner as the key levers heretofore described.

The lever 70 is located at one side of the machine and similarly mounted at the oppo site .side ofthe machine is an idle lever 74, having an upstanding bearing arm 74". Mounted on the arm 69 of lever 70 and on the arm 74' of lever 74 and extending over the key levers 14 is a torsion rod 72. Connected with the levers 70 and 74 and extending therebeneath, forward of their pivotal mountings, is a universal bar 73, which is engaged by any of the key levers upon operation thereof, to rock the lever arm 69 and move the link 68 and bar 63 forward. Forward movement of the bar 63 effects corresponding moyement of the arc-shaped bracket 62. ,The bracket 62 upon forward movement engages the roller 61 and rocks the pawl 59 out of engagement with the ratchet wheel 46, thereby freeing the arm 49 and pawl 59 so that they will be carried upwardly around the ratchet wheel 46 when the lever 52 is released by the key-lever, it

being. apparent that when the key-lever is depressed, the lever 52 moves the universal bar 51 and consequently the lever 49,-a distance determined by the position of screws 58.

Integral with and forming a part of the lever 70 is a detent 70' comprising a tooth 70 at its rear end, which movesup. intolocking engagement with the ratchet wheel 4-6 before the pawl 59 has left itslocking engagement'therewith so that no' movement of the ratchetwheel and the"tapedifiwardting parts is permitted merely by operation of a key lever. Operation of the :ratchet wheel is effected subsequently to .returnof the lever, the pawl and the detent to their differential feed mechanism which I'will.

now' describe.

Rotatably mounted (in the sleeve 47 div rectly in rear-of each digitally operated key lever 14, is a bell crank lever. or latch 52, there being as many bell crank levers as there are key levers in the machine, each of which is a duplicate of the others-but all being mounted to have different throws, the distance of travel being controlled by adjustable stops preferably in the' form of screws 58, one for each lever 52. The rear edges of all of the latches are inthe same vertical plane when the parts are normal, so that the cross rod 51 which is carried by the arms 48 and 50, thus forming part of the pawl lever 49, lies in contact with the rear edges of all of said bell crank levers when ,the parts are in normal position. Connected with each of the bell crank levers 52 and with a pin 55 on a transverse rib 56 that rises from the frame base 2, is a spring 54, which yieldingly urges its lever rearwardly and awa key levers 14. he influence of the spring is resisted by the hooks 18 and 53 on the key levers and bell crank levers respectively, which normally restrain the bell crank levers and hold the same in normal position. v

It is apparent that as each bell crank lever is rigid and urged rearwardly by its spring 54 and that as the corresponding key lever is so. mounted that upon operation, its rear .end will rise away from the hook portion of the bell crank lever, operation of the key lever will release the bell crank lever so that it is drawn rearwardly by its from the rear ends of the induced by the spring 54, such movement ratchet wheel, so that after the operation of a bell crank lever 52, the pawl is in position to engage a different ratchet tooth. than before its carrying lever was moved by backa ward movement of the lever 52. As the parts are moved backwardly by a spring 54, having no connection with thekey lever,

Consequently,

they are held in such position when the key lever is released, although release of the to advance the shaft 45 and'the tape feedkey lever effects the return of the arc-shaped bracket to normal position. Upon the rearward movement of the bracket, the spring 60 moves the pawl tooth toward the ratchet Wheel and effects engagement of the pawl tooth with a ratchet tooth. Release of the key lever also effects return of the detent 7 0' to its normal position, thereby releasing the ratchet wheel to'the force of the spring motor. Immediately upon release of the ratchet wheel by the detent the motor acts ing rollers operated thereby, so that the tape is advanced a distance corresponding to the forward movement of the ratchet wheel and bell crank lever 49. The forward move- ""ffliillt of the bell crank lever 49 and its corresponding arm 18 effects forward movement of the universal rod 51. As the bell crank lever 52 is held yieldinglyagainst the rod 51 by its spring54r, the lever is pushed forwardly by the rod 51 until the rod is stopped by the other bell crank levers 52 that have remained in normal position dur ing the operation just described, the active bell crank lever lifting the rear end'of the lever 14 upon contact of the beveled ends of the hooks 18 and 53 as the bell crank lever assumes its normal position so that the key lever hook may drop back to its locking relation with the bell cranlc From the foregoing, it is; apparent that the forward movement of the ratchet wheel 46, operating shaft and the tape advanc- I operated partsmay be effected. The preing roller 30, corresponds to the rearward movement of the bell crank lever 52 and that by providing means for limiting the several bell crank levers at different points, variation of the advancing travel of the motor ferred means for providing such difference in movement of the bell cranks 52 consists of set screws 8, which are mounted in the v upstanding rib 56 on the frame base 2 and have their forward ends arranged in the paths of the bell crank levers 52, so that when the bell crank levers are released by the key levers, they abut the ends of the screws and are stopped therebyL' By arranging the screws with their forward ends different distances from the plane of the rear edges of the bell crank levers 52 when the latter are in normal position, the differential movement of the levers 52 is prolever upwardly, causing the die 17 to punch through the tape 22 and leave therein a single aperture of two units length corresponding to the telegraphic dash. The depression of the key lever causes said lever to engage the universal bar 7 3, rocking the lever 70, throwing the detent tooth 7 0" into engagement with the ratchet wheel 46 to hold said wheel against the force of the spring motor, drawing back the arc-shaped bracket 62 through the linkage that connects it with the universal level 70. Forward movement of the bracket 62 effects release of the pawl 59 "from the ratchet wheel, so that the pawl and its lever 59 are free to move independently of the ratchet wheel.

Following the release of the pawl 59 as described, the bell crank lever 52 for the t key lever is released by movement of the hook end of the key lever away from the hook end of the bell crank lever, and the bell crank lever is immediately drawn to the rear by its spring 54, such rearward movement continuing until the bell crank lever is stopped by abutment of its rear edge Rearward movement of the bell cranklever 52 lifts the pawl lever 49 a distance corresponding to the rearwardmovement of the bell crank lever and the pawl is held in such advanced position and out of contact with the ratchet wheel until the key lever is released. With the teeth on the ratchet wheel arranged to represent units corresponding to the units of the character dies, the pawl will have been advanced to such a point that, when released, it will engage the fifth tooth back of the one against which it was seated prior to the operation just described, the five units representing the two units of the character and the standard three-unit space between characters. With the parts so set by and as a result of the depression of the key lever, when the lever is released, the detent 7 0 moves away from the ratchet wheel and thearc-shaped bracket 62 moves backwardly away from the pawl 59. The pawl, upon'being released, moves into engagement with the ratchet wheel before the latter is released by,the' detent,- so that movement of the ratchet wheel is immediately imparted to the pawl and its caragainst the end of its adjustable stop 58.

rying lever. Release b the detent permits the ratchet wheel to a Vance under tension of the spring motor. This advance is imparted to the pawl 59 and thereby to the lever 49 and the universal rod 51 and from the rod 51 to the active bell crank lever 52, forcing the bell crank lever forward to its locking engagement with its key lever 1 Forward movement of the universal rod 51, the lever 49, the ratchet wheel 16, the spring motor and the tape forwarding roller is interrupted' when the universal rod engages the inactive bell crank levers 52.

The key lever for the letter h is then depressed and the operation just described re peated, except that the distance moved by the parts differs from that of the previous 7 operation in that the movement is to the extent of ten units instead of five, as for the Y t character, the h character consisting 'of four dots of one unit value each, three spaces of one unit value each and a space interval of three units; In order to provide the additional movement for a ten unit advance of the tape, the screw 58 for stopping the bell crank lever released by the key lever is set back five unitsv distance more than that of the t character screw, so that the bell crank lever for the h character moves upwardly a distance three units greater than that for the tcharacter. It

s apparent that this additional movement of the h bell crank lever induces a correspondingly additional movement ofthe pawl of the ratchet wheel will be respectively greater than the advance for the letter t and the record tape will have a correspondin advance.

en the key lever for the. letter e is depressed, the operation is repeated and is identical with those just described, except that theadvance is for four units instead of five for the t character and ten for the hf character, the e character comprising but a single dot, which, with the three unit interval between characters, requires a four unit advance of the record tape.

It is apparent, therefore, that with a machine embodying my invention, the tape may be punched for characters of various lengths and advanced differentially to maintain the proper spacing between characters, irrespective of the character lengths, thereby forming a record from which a message may be sent according to ordinary and standard practice.

It is also apparent that as thespa'ces between characters are standard and the difference'in spacing dependent on the length of the characters, thespace distance may be considered the base of the movement and the character distance an increment over such base, the increment varying according to the length of the character.

' The exact form of the perforating mechanism is not material in this application since the specific perforating mechanism shown herein forms the subject matter of a separate application. Therefore, those claims in the present application which refer to perforating mechanism are intended to do so only in a generic sense and irrespectlve of whether an actual perforation is made or whether the tape is simply'die pressed to provide an irregular surface or otherwise characterized.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters-Patent, is:

1. In combination with separately operable members each comprising an individual portion for characterizing a record member,

means for advancing said member and a differential escapement selectively controllable by the characterizing members and limiting operation of the advancing means to a degree corresponding to the length of indi-' vidual characterizations of the record member.

2. In combination with means for. characterizinga record member comprising separately operable members each bearing individual indicia, the indicia of different members being of different length, means advancing said record member between characterizing operations, and means selectable by. the characterizing members limiting-operation of the advancing means proportionately to length of indicia on operated characterizing members.

3. In combination with members comprising indicia of, different kngths, movable individually to characterize a record member,

means advancing the record member between operations of the characterizing members to effect successive arrangement of the indicia in the record, and means controllable by the characterizing members, selectively determining the advance of the record member according to length of indicia on corresponding characterizing members. 7

4.. In combination with individually operable characterizing members, bearing indicia of telegraphic characters and movable to apply the indicia to a record member, means for advancing the record member, and an escapement comprising a member individually controllableby each characterizing member, cooperating with the record advancing means to limit travel of the record member according to length of the.

indicia on the corresponding characterizing member.

5. In, combination with individual means for applying indicia of different lengths to a record member, single means for forwarding said record member following the application of the indicia thereto, and con-. trolling devices individual to corresponding indicia applying means, cooperatlve therewith and with the forwarding means to limit movement of the record member proportmnately to the length of relative indicia.

6. In combination with individually operable means for applying indicia of dlfi'erent length to a record member, means for forwarding said member, and a differential escapement comprising members individually controlled by corresponding indicia applying means and a universal member operable by any individually controlled member and cooperating with the forwarding means to limit advance of said means proportionately to the length of the indicia corresponding to the operated member.

7. In combination with individually operable members for applying indicia of differentlength to a record member, an escapement-comprising members under control of corresponding indicia applying members, and means for limiting movement of said controlled members proportionately to the length of corresponding indiciafmechanism for forwarding the record member, and uni versal mechanism settable by the controlled members and operable to limit movement 2 of the forwarding mechanism.

8. In combination with a member bearing indicia applicable to a record member to characterlze said member, an escapement comprlsing a member under control of the 2 characterizing member and movable upon operatlon thereof, means l1m1t1ng movement of the escapement member proportionately to lengthof the indicia on the characterizing member, and means, controlled by the escapement; for'advancing the record memher.

9. In combination with characterizing mechanisms, comprising devices individualto each of a plurality of characters and in- 85 cluding indicia of said characters for application to a record member, an escapement,

, escapement controlling members each individual -to and under control of a relative characterlzlng device, means limiting move- .0 ment of each escapement controlling member to'a distance individual to its characterizing device, and means, controlled by any.

portional to movements of the escapement 0 record member, an escapement member,

yieldingly urged to a set position and normally restralned by said characterizing member, adjustable means limiting movement of the escapement member, and means,

controlled by the escapement member, for

advancing the record member proportion-- ,ately to movement of the escapement I member.

11. In combination with a key lever ineluding indicia of a designated character,

operable to impress a record member with such indicia, an escapement membegnormally latched-by" the "key lever and yieldingly urged to assume set position when re- Qb leased by the lever, means limiting travel of the escapement member at set position, and means, controlled by the escapement memher, to advance the record member a distance proportional to movement of the escapement member.

12. In combination with a key lever, comprising a character die and latch hook, an escapement comprising a freely movable member, having a latch hook normally engaged by the lever hook, means yielding'ly urging the escapement member to set position, an adjustable stop for the escapement member, and means, under control of the escapement member, for advancing a record member.

13. In combination with means "for per-' ber, and means for feeding a tape between the die members at varying increments of movement, the feeding means being controlled by the digitally operated die member.

15. A driving member, a driven member, an escapement for the driven member comprising a ratchet fixed to the driven member, an unconfined ratchet-engaging pawl movable about the ratchet, variable throw devices for operating said pawl and independent key releasing means for each throw device.

16. An escapement for driven members operated releasing means for the throw devices, and means for releasing the engaging device from the engaged device.

17. An escapement for a driven member comprising an engaging member. fast on the driven member, an unconfined engaging device to engage the engaged device, variable throw latches to move the engaging device into engaging position with the engaged device, and digitally operated means for releasin said latches.

18. he combination with a die member having a plurality of die receiving openings, digitally operated die members arranged in banks and having dies receivable in selected openings in the first named die member, a tape movable between the complementary die members, means for feeding said tape comprising a' rotatable shaft, and means responsive to a particular digitally operated 19. The combination with a driven member, of an escapement therewith comprising 'diemember for controlling the extent of movement of the shaft.

a ratchet on the driyenmember, an unconfined pawl for engaging said-ratchet, a frame upon which the ratchet is mounted, a plurality of latch levers havin varying throws and adapted to indepengently engage the frame to efiect variation in the' throw of the pawl, a detent cooperating with the pawl, key levers normally holding the for simultaneously releasingthe pawl from the ratchet and moving the detent into en- 'ga ement therewith; r

n testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

- bwni H. PIERSEN; 

